Even if you can create a complicated circuit, it is really simple! Tip and Ring should be connected to your phone connectors. With a 10nF condensator and a 200kΩ resistor you will be able to read those signals. X1 and X2 is used for an oscillator, if you don't want synchronize it with your control unit, you can attach it without any other components. At least, you need to have a 'Reset' signal, without it the chip will not work. So don't connect it to ground. In this schema a condensator will generate the reset-peak but another solution is to connect it directly to the Arduino.
If at this point you have 5V on DOUT, the chip should be working.
TIP / RING documentation
On the most countries, the analog phone was updated to show the phone number. In Idle mode, you have -48V DC on this lines. If someone call you, 90V AC is overlaid to your line at 20Hz and this will let your phone ring. After the first ring, the call-hour, call-date and caller-id will be transmitted and this circuit should be able to decode it. You can find more info on this pages: www.tech-faq.com www.wikipedia.org www.lanshack.com